明清时期汉水中游治所城市城廓形态比较研究

明清时期汉水中游地区有11个府州县治所城市,城廓形态则是指这些城市以城墙为主的边界形态,城廓也是体现城市防御、防洪,与行政管理的重要要素。通过城廓形态的比较研究可以反映出汉水中游地区河道与地形特征、行政等级以及城市沿革的因素对于城市边界形态与规模的影响。该文通过对地方志等文史资料考证、结合地方实地考察,归纳总结了明清时期汉水中游11个府州县治所城市的城廓形态特征、在此基础上,对于汉水中游这一独立地理单元条件下,府州县城市的城廓形状、规模等要素进行比较研究．分析总结其城廓形态的影响要素。     

欧洲中世纪大学与中国宋代书院

本文从社会需求的不同、思想文化背景的差异和当时政权对教育的影响,比较中世纪欧洲大学与中国宋代书院呈现出不同的发展轨迹,为今天建设自己的大学提供一些历史启示.     

Robust spatial flood vulnerability assessment for Han River using fuzzy TOPSIS with α-cut level set

This study aims to improve the general flood vulnerability approach using fuzzy TOPSIS based on α-cut level sets which can reduce the uncertainty inherent in even fuzzy multi-criteria decision making process. Since fuzzy TOPSIS leads to a crisp closeness for each alternative, it is frequently argued that fuzzy weights and fuzzy ratings should be in fuzzy relative closeness. Therefore, this study used a modified α-cut level set based fuzzy TOPSIS to develop a spatial flood vulnerability approach for Han River in Korea, considering various uncertainties in weights derivation and crisp data aggregation. Two results from fuzzy TOPSIS and modified fuzzy TOPSIS were compared. Some regions which showed no or small ranking changes have their centro-symmetric distributions, while other regions whose rankings varied dynamically, have biased (anti-symmetric) distributions. It can be concluded that α-cut level set based fuzzy TOPSIS produce more robust prioritization since more uncertainties can be considered. This method can be applied to robust spatial vulnerability or decision making in water resources management.     

浅论宋代陶瓷造型

陶瓷器首先是为实际生活需要而“造物”的产品，同时又是按着审美规律寻求“造型”的艺术创造。每个时代的陶瓷造型都会有所不同。宋代是瓷的时代，此时陶瓷造型追求一种质朴静润，自然天成，趣味高雅的意境，其轮廓线条流畅，造型端庄。法度严谨，做工精细，优美的形象体现着宋人典雅朴素的气质风度和追求的美学境界。本文试图从宋代当时社会政治生活和生产、制瓷工艺的发展、审美观等几方面对宋代陶瓷造型的影响进行了初步的研究。     

从《汉书·儒林传》看《儒林外史》的艺术构思

《儒林外史》题名中的"儒林"和"史"字都透露出它与史传文学之间有着密切的关系。《儒林外史》的艺术构思在人物出场的线索设置、人物退场方式以及主旨确立等方面受到《汉书.儒林传》的诸多启发。《儒林外史》虽曰"外史",却是依托"正史"进行艺术构思,从而探索出了一条汲取历史营养进行小说创作的新路。     

汉画细节漫议

汉画像石的画面,是由一个个单体、枯燥的人与物像所组成,而艺匠通过一个个细小的动作、情节、物件与多种表现手法,塑造了许多生动的形象,使单调的物像充满了生命力,展示出社会活动的各种鲜活场面。因此,细节在汉画中起着极为关键和重要的作用。     

Further study of sources of the imported cobalt-blue pigment used on Jingdezhen porcelain from late 13 to early 15 centuries

Based on the conclusion of modern scientific analysis: the cobalt-blue pigment applied on Jingdezhen official porcelain during Yuan Dynasty and prior to Xuande reign of Ming Dynasty (1271–1425) contains high iron and low manganese contents, and the cobalt during Xuande and after Xuande periods (after 1426) of Ming Dynasty contains high manganese and low iron contents, in combination with the traditional archaeological method, the related historical textual records were investigated and analyzed, the imported cobalt employed on Jingdezhen official porcelain was studied comprehensively, systematically and logically. In fact, ‘Su Ma Li Qing’ (Samarra-blue) and ‘Su Bo Ni Qing’ (Sumatra-blue) are definitely different cobalt ores originated in different places, because of their very similar transliterations in Chinese, the confusion has appeared in ancient books for more than 400 years, which considered ‘Su Ma Li Qing’ and ‘Su Bo Ni Qing’ as the same cobalt-blue pigment. In this article the mistake was corrected, the possible producing places and the approximate eras of the two pigments imported to China and used at Jingdezhen were also suggested.     

《救风尘》婚俗探析

关汉卿关于士妓之恋的作品《救风尘》反映了元代社会中下层关于婚姻的各种风俗习尚。其中包括“父母之命,媒妁之言”在婚姻中的作用;婚仪之制的体现;“七出”与“休书”等内容。     

论汉代经学化语境中的文学性因素

西汉武帝时期,适应大一统政权需要的经学被定于一尊.尚未发展至自觉阶段的文学在其强大话语权的裹挟之下,或者被强行地纳入了经学的阐释体系,或者主动地调整步调以与之相应,这便是“文学经学化”的过程.它在造成了文学正常成长进程阻延的同时,也在客观上为文学之渐近自觉累积了重要的文学性因素.     

“以意逆志，得孟子之一体”——以《韩诗外传》为例看孟子对汉《诗》经学化的影响

孟子的“以意逆志”说,最先强调了读《诗》者在《诗》义阐释过程中的主体性作用,这意味着读《诗》者不再仅仅是被动地接受《诗》义;还可以通过主动推求去寻找《诗》的创作意图。《韩诗外传》正是汉《诗》践行孟子“以意逆志”观的突出代表。《韩诗外传》对孟子“以意逆志”观的传承,不仅展现了《诗》学发展至汉代的一次飞跃,同时也证明了汉诗通过《诗》义阐释传达经世意图的经学化倾向正是由孟子导夫先路的。